Religions

  • Imagining Hinduism Without Caste

    Imagining Hinduism Without Caste

    For centuries, what we now call Hinduism was never a single religion. It was a civilisation organised through caste. Each caste had its own gods, rituals, food rules, taboos, and ideas of the sacred. Diversity was not accidental; it was structural. To imagine a caste-free Hinduism is therefore to imagine uniformity. Who defines it then?…

  • Did Missionaries Construct the Buddha We Know?

    Did Missionaries Construct the Buddha We Know?

    The Buddha had drifted through European writing for centuries before scholarship took hold of him, and the early portraits were wildly varied…

  • Of Jains And Jews

    Of Jains And Jews

    The comparison between Jains in India and Jews in Europe reveals two remarkably similar minority communities with profoundly different historical destinies. Both occupied economically influential positions disproportionate to their demographic size. Both cultivated strong internal discipline, dietary codes, educational traditions and merchant ethics. Yet while Europe repeatedly produced violent anti-Semitism culminating in genocide, India never…

  • Tantra of the Wheel of Time

    Tantra of the Wheel of Time

    Compiled in the early eleventh century as Muslim armies pressed into northwest India, the Kalacakratantra — the Wheel of Time Tantra — is one of the clearest cases in religious history of a sacred text designed as a political response to a contemporary threat. …

  • Yama’s Journey from Vedic King to Cosmic Accountant

    Yama’s Journey from Vedic King to Cosmic Accountant

    Yama is the Hindu god of death, accountability, and the afterlife. Often ignored, his history is long and complex, reaching back to Vedic, Indo-Iranian, and Indo-European mythological traditions…

  • Narada: the Original Provocateur

    Narada: the Original Provocateur

    Narada is Hindu mythology’s impish, itinerant sage. His presence in a story spells trouble. As a character, he plays a key role. He spotlights our love for gossip, our fragile ego, our competitive spirit, our yearning to measure ourselves against others, our refusal to be content…

  • The Global Resurrection of Islam

    The Global Resurrection of Islam

    Earlier, Islam was sustained by rulers. In the modern era, it is sustained by communities. Authority shifted from courts and empires to classrooms, print networks, voluntary organisations, and individual conscience…

  • Persia was a Civilisation Long Before Islam and Rome

    Persia was a Civilisation Long Before Islam and Rome

    Zoroastrianism traced its teachings to the prophet Zarathustra (Zoroaster), who is believed to have lived many centuries earlier, perhaps around 1200 BC, according to some scholars. …

  • A Colonial Category Called Religion

    A Colonial Category Called Religion

    Hinduism did not become a religion by organic evolution. It was forced into becoming a religion by colonial definitions, Christian templates and Brahminical reinterpretations. What had functioned for centuries as a civilisational ecosystem of caste, ritual, myth, kinship, land and livelihood was squeezed into the narrow mould of “religion” as understood in the industrial West.…

  • If Usha Vance became Christian, would she be American enough?

    If Usha Vance became Christian, would she be American enough?

    Sensing the shift in public narrative following the killing of Charlie Kirk, now seen as a Christian martyr, Vice President JD Vance declared publicly that he hoped his wife, Usha, daughter of Telugu Brahmin immigrants, would convert to Christianity. But in today’s America, that is not enough…

  • Are God’s Messengers Real or Imaginary?

    Are God’s Messengers Real or Imaginary?

    We know that information about Gautama Buddha, Chanakya, and Shankaracharya come from textual sources that were composed centuries after their supposed lifetimes. There is no material proof of their existence. But they are assumed to be historical figures. The same holds true for religious leaders like Jesus Christ and Prophet Muhammad. Believers insist they are…

  • All About Marriage, Meaning, and the Shiva–Shakti Union

    All About Marriage, Meaning, and the Shiva–Shakti Union

    The marriage of Shiva and Shakti is not about property, lineage, or inheritance. It is not about power, spectacle, or display. It is about two individuals giving meaning to each other. …

  • Can a French man be a ‘civilisational Hindu’?

    Can a French man be a ‘civilisational Hindu’?

    In New India, an Italian woman with an Indian passport remains a ‘foreigner’, but a French man with an Indian passport becomes a ‘civilisational Hindu’, and is even asked to influence young impressionable minds by creating ‘decolonised’ school textbooks…

  • Vishnu’s Art of Attracting Fortune

    Vishnu’s Art of Attracting Fortune

    In Indian mythology, Vishnu is described as the beloved of Lakshmi. His names are Sri-vallabha, beloved of fortune, and Sri-nivasa, abode of fortune. In art, the goddess is shown residing in his heart, or seated by his side. When he reclines, she is at his feet. This pairing is a metaphor. …

  • How Diwali Changes Shape Across India

    How Diwali Changes Shape Across India

    Diwali is celebrated across India, but contrary to popular assumption, it is not a single, uniform festival. It takes very different forms depending on where you go. …