Upanishadic

  • How Was Atharva Veda Different?

    How Was Atharva Veda Different?

    The Rigveda praises the gods. The priest composes beautiful hymns, asks for cattle, sons, victory, rain. The relationship is simple: human below, god above, prayer going upward. The Atharva Veda works differently. The priest does not pray. He acts…

  • The Chandala in the Vedas

    The Chandala in the Vedas

    The term Chandala, referring to the “lowest of the low” in Brahmin lore, appears a few times in the Vedic literature itself. It is essentially absent from the Rigveda Samhita and emerges only in the later strata of the corpus — the later Samhitas, Brahmanas, and Upanishads. …

  • Upanishads As Against Dharma-shastra

    Upanishads As Against Dharma-shastra

    In the Upanishads, the word brahmin is about inner realisation. In Dharma-shastra, the word brahmin is about birth status and purity. …